What kind of capacitors and diodes for AC/DC 12v converter?

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i'm trying build based on instructable:




but designed deliver about  5 vdc , need 12 vdc. need deciding if capacitors , diodes can same. i'm new, yesterday discovered diode is, i'm full of guesses , appreciate confirmation or rectification.

the parts give 5 vdc output are:

diodes: "1n4001, 1n4004, 1n4007 work fine"

capacitors: "2 220-470uf electrolytic, 2 100nf ceramic disc". "be sure voltage in capacitor higher voltages experience". i'm guessing 220-470 220v already, if that's so, have high? or 16 v too? i'm guessing 100nf ceramic disc needs around 15 v. 

i guessed resistor has 7812 (since original 7805) , transformer has deliver 15 vac compensate regulator.

any input appreciated! thoughts on converter too! thanks!

do have idea how current need?   ...the 78xx series rated 1a @ current needs heatsink, , if you're dropping lot of voltage across may power-limited , may not current (without regulator shutting-down or going unstable).

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diodes: "1n4001, 1n4004, 1n4007 work fine"
here datasheet diodes.  the 1n400x series rated 1a (that's maximum current) , voltage (also maximum rating) difference.  since cheap , there isn't price difference, buy extras , buy higher-voltage versions because i'm not sure i'll using diodes in future.

there called bridge diode has 4 diodes in 1 package , easier wire-up.

the capacitors on low-voltage side of transformer.   16v fine output-side of voltage regulator, input-side higher.    note peak voltage 1.4 times rms, rectified & filtered ac 12v transformer 17v.    and, "12v" transformer put-out little more no load, , output of transformer unregulated , proportional power-line voltage, , power line voltage can vary bit.    so, it's idea use capacitors rated double expected voltage.  

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i guessed resistor has 7812 (since original 7805)
correct.

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and transformer has deliver 15 vac compensate regulator.
that work (if can find 15v transformer).  but remember 1.4 factor, , note more voltage "drop" across regulator, hotter get.  


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will work fine..
:d  in electronics (or other engineering) it's case components not critical...  there lots of situations resistor between 1k , 10k work, etc.    but, trick knowing what's critical , what's not , comes learning , experience.   


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